The complete guide to propagating willow and growing willow from cuttings

Written by Daily Fix - Published 10-Dec-2023, last updated 13-Jun-2024

Willow trees are known for their graceful branches, lush foliage, and ability to thrive in a variety of conditions. They are also quite easy to propagate from cuttings, making them a popular choice for gardeners and landscapers.

Willow trees are a beautiful addition to any garden, and growing them from cuttings is an easy and cost-effective way to propagate new trees. In this guide, we will cover everything you need to know about growing willow from cuttings, including the best times of year to take cuttings, how often to water them, how long it takes for them to root and grow into a tree, common mistakes to avoid, and the best types of willow to use.

What are the best times of year to take willow cuttings?

Willow cuttings can be planted any time from late November to the end of March. Later planting will reduce the number of cuttings that root successfully. If planting whole rods, they are unlikely to take after the end of March as the roots won't establish before the rods start leafing.

Unrooted willow cuttings and whips should ideally be planted immediately upon receipt. However, if this is not possible, store them somewhere cool and aim to plant within a few weeks.

Willow whips can also be stored in water.

Winter cutting: Willow roots easily when you plant freshly cut willow in the ground during winter. Ideally, cut the willow after leaf fall and before leaf bud, which usually occurs between early December and late February or early March.

Spring planting: By the end of the first week of April, both the weather and the soil should be warming up, making it suitable for planting willow cuttings.

Summer planting: Although willow cuttings can be planted at any time of the year, they may not perform as well as those planted during late winter or early spring. Summer planting might still be successful, but it's essential to ensure the cuttings receive adequate water and care.

Autumn planting: Planting willow cuttings in the fall can also be successful, as the cooler temperatures and moist soil can help the cuttings establish themselves.

So in summary, the best times to take willow cuttings and plant them are during late winter or early spring. However, you can still achieve success with summer or autumn planting, ensuring proper care and attention are given to the cuttings during their initial growth period.

How do you take willow cuttings?

Taking willow cuttings is a simple yet rewarding way to propagate these versatile trees. To begin, select young and flexible branches known as whips in late winter when the tree is dormant. A 45-degree angle cut with sharp pruners is crucial to encourage healthy root growth. The ideal cutting should be around 10mm thick, ensuring it has enough vigour to develop into a robust new plant.

One of the most simple ways of starting off your new cuttings is to place then in a vase of water where they will quickly show signs of root growth. Refresh the water every few days.

Alternatively, you can plant your willow cuttings directly where they are the grow:

Before planting your willow cuttings, it's essential to prepare the soil properly. Choose a site with moist and well-drained soil, ideally near a water source such as a stream or pond where willows naturally thrive. By incorporating these fresh insights into your approach of taking willow cuttings, you'll not only increase your chances of successful propagation but also gain a deeper understanding of the unique characteristics of these graceful trees.

A quick guide to taking willow cuttings

Choose a healthy branch: Select a young, healthy branch from a willow tree. The branch should be about a foot long and have a diameter of 1/2 to 1 inch.

Prepare the cutting: Cut the branch at a 45-degree angle, just below a node. If taking cuttings when the willow tree still has leaves, remove all the leaves except for the top two or three.

Plant the cutting: There are two ways to plant the cutting. The first method is to put the cutting in a vase of water that covers about half the length of the cutting. Leave it in the water until the roots have grown out a couple of inches. The second method is to plant the cutting directly into the soil. Dig a hole about 6 inches deep and insert the cutting, making sure that the top two or three leaves are above the soil.

Water the cutting: When planting your cuttings directy into the ground or a post keep the soil moist but not waterlogged. If you are using the vase method, change the water every few days.

Wait for the cutting to root: It can take several weeks for the cutting to root. Once it has rooted, you will see new growth.

Transplant the cutting: Once the cutting has grown to about 6 inches tall, it is ready to be transplanted into its permanent location. Choose a spot with well-draining soil and plenty of sunlight.

How often should willow cuttings be watered after planting?

Your willow cuttings may need watering during exceptionally dry periods while establishing in the first spring and summer.

It is very important to keep the area at the base of cuttings or whips clear of weeds and grass - say, at least, 6 inches (15 cm).

Willow must also be kept well-watered, especially during the first growing season. If there is a long dry spell during the first year of planting, please water if at all possible - a good soak once a week is better than a watering can full every day.

How long does it take for willow cuttings to root and grow into a tree?

Willow cuttings are a fascinating way to propagate these graceful trees, and one of the most alluring aspects is the speed at which they can take root and grow. Generally, willow cuttings can start to root within just a few weeks, thanks to their high rooting potential and rapid growth rate. In fact, it's not uncommon for willow cuttings to develop an extensive root system within 6-8 weeks of being planted. This rapid rooting process is due in part to the willow's natural ability to produce a hormone called auxin, which stimulates root development.

Moreover, once rooted, it doesn't take long for these cuttings to transform into full-fledged trees. Depending on the specific species and growing conditions, willows can grow several feet per year when they're young, quickly transitioning from a small cutting into a substantial tree. This swift transformation makes willow cuttings an attractive option for those seeking fast-growing shade or ornamental trees in their landscape. Furthermore, this quick growth also means that willows have significant potential for carbon sequestration and erosion control in various environments around the world.

What are the common mistakes to avoid when propagating willow trees?

There are a few common mistakes that can be made when propagating willow trees from cuttings. It is important to avoid these mistakes in order to increase the likelihood of success:

Taking cuttings from the wrong part of the tree: Willow cuttings should be taken from semi-mature branches that are about 10mm (1/4 to 1/2 inch) in diameter. Avoid taking cuttings from the tips of branches, as these are less likely to root.

Not using the correct rooting medium: Willow cuttings can be rooted in a variety of rooting mediums, including water, sand, and perlite. However, the best rooting medium for willow cuttings is a mixture of equal parts potting soil and perlite.

Not burying the cuttings deep enough: Willow cuttings should be buried deep enough so that only the top 2-3 inches of the cutting are above the soil.

Overwatering or underwatering the cuttings: Willow cuttings need to be watered regularly, but it is important not to overwater them. Overwatering can lead to root rot, while underwatering can prevent the cuttings from rooting.

Weed control and maintenance: Keep the area around the base of the cuttings or whips clear of weeds and grass, and ensure the new plant is well-watered, especially during the first growing season.

What are the best types of willow to use for cuttings?

There are many different types of willow, but some of the best for cuttings include Salix alba (white willow), Salix purpurea (purple willow), and Salix viminalis (common osier). These varieties are known for their fast growth and hardiness.

Conclusion

Propagating willow and growing willow from cuttings is a rewarding and cost-effective way to expand your garden or landscape. By following the step-by-step instructions in this guide, you can successfully propagate willow and enjoy the benefits of its beautiful foliage and fast growth rate.

Whether you are a seasoned gardener or a beginner, this method offers an opportunity to connect with nature and witness the magic of plant propagation. With proper care and attention, your propagated willow cuttings can thrive and bring natural beauty to your surroundings.

So why not give it a try and start propagating willow today? Your garden will thank you for it!